Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. This procedure can be, radical, partial or total. Radical involves the complete removal of the uterus, upper vagina and the paremetrium. Partial involves the removal of only the fundus of the uterus. Total on the other hand involves the complete removal of the uterus including the corpus and the cervix.

Removal of the uterus not only makes one unable to bear children but also leads to considerable changes in hormone levels. Changes in the level of hormones can lead to an early onset of menopause. This surgery is recommended in very few specific circumstances. It may be performed when someone has certain types of cancers. They include uterine, cervical and ovarian cancers.

Hysterectomy is also performed when a woman has fibroids. Fibroids are benign tumor-like growths inside the uterus. The uterus is a hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ. The ovaries produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone which are crucial when it comes to reproduction.

The average onset age of menopause in women who have undergone this procedure is 3.7 years earlier than average. This has been attributed to the disruption of the blood supply to the ovaries after the surgery. When the ovaries are also removed, the estrogen levels fall leading to what is referred to as surgical menopause. Removal of the ovaries leads to a sudden drop in hormonal levels and this causes a rapid onset of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Hysterectomy has also been linked to increased bladder function problems such as urinary incontinence.

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