Hormone Therapy
Hormone treatments are treatments using natural body chemicals called hormones, or drugs that block hormones. Hormones are chemicals made in one part of the body, that travel in the bloodstream to make something happen in another part of the body. Some cancer cells need hormones to grow, or are encouraged to grow more quickly by hormones. These cancers are said to be ‘hormone sensitive’ or ‘hormone dependent’….
What hormones are ?
Hormones are natural substances made by glands in our bodies. The network of glands that make hormones is called the endocrine system. Hormones are carried in our bloodstream and act as messengers between one part of our body and another. They control the growth and activity of certain cells and organs.
What hormone therapy is ?
Hormone treatments use the sex hormones produced by our bodies, or drugs that block them, to treat cancer. Not all cancers respond to hormone therapy. Doctors might use hormone therapy for people with cancers that are ‘hormone sensitive’ or ‘hormone dependent’. This means that the cancer needs the hormone to grow…
Types of hormone therapy
There are a number of different types of hormone therapy. Which one you have depends on a number of factors, including your type of cancer.
There is information below on :
Breast cancer hormone therapy Prostate cancer hormone therapy Womb cancer hormone therapy Breast cancer hormone therapy
Aromatase inhibitors
These are a relatively new type of hormone therapy. You can only take them if you have been through the menopause. After menopause, your ovaries stop producing oestrogen. But your body still makes a small amount by changing other hormones (called androgens) into oestrogen. You need an enzyme called aromatase to make this change happen…
Pituitary down regulators
A gland in the brain, called the pituitary gland, controls the amount of sex hormones made by the ovaries. Pituitary down regulators are drugs that prevent the ovaries making oestrogen or progesterone. They do this by blocking the signal from the pituitary gland to the ovaries.
You will only have this treatment if you haven’t yet had your menopause. After menopause, your ovaries don’t produce hormones so this type of drug won’t help. Pituitary down regulators include goserelin for breast cancer (Zoladex) and leuprorelin…
Prostate cancer hormone therapy
Prostate cancer depends on the male hormone testosterone for its growth. Hormone therapy aims to reduce or stop the body making testosterone and slow down or stop the growth of the cancer…
Digestive system
Hormonal therapies can affect your digestive system in different ways.
You may feel sick. This is usually mild and settles down after a few days to weeks. Your doctor can prescribe anti-sickness tablets, which should help.
You might have constipation or diarrhoea – this is usually mild and easily controlled with diet or drugs.
You may lose your appetite a bit, or have an increased appetite – this might lead to weight changes…
Menopausal symptoms
If you haven’t already been through your menopause, it may start when you begin hormone therapy. This could be either temporary or permanent. If you are taking a pituitary down regulator, your periods will stop. If you are taking tamoxifen, and are still having periods, they may stop or become lighter.
Muscle and bone changes
You may develop pains in your joints. This often settles down after a few weeks. You can take a mild painkiller to help control any pain you have.
Some hormonal therapy can cause thinning of your bones. Weight bearing exercise can help to protect your bones, such as walking, running, cycling or exercise in the gym. But check with your doctor before starting any new form of exercise, especially if you have not exercised for a while.
Tamoxifen doesn’t cause bone thinning and can have some protective effect on your bones…
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