Private Doctor Online » Oral Diseases

You Deserve to Get Rid of Bad Breath Caused by Gum Disease!

Sam — Wed, 05 May 2010 13:21:41 +0000

Know, where them more than f& #xFC; to find, and a chaotic mixture of viruses and single-celled organism microorganisms knows nfhundert different kinds of bacteria, about hundred sorts of mushrooms? They need to look not too far, because all these are in your mouth. That is correct. These gruselig seeming creatures are all into the mouth. Straight one now. Multiplies F& #xFC; tterung and inexorably. But there is no reason to the panic, because this is absolutely normal. Your mouth, as well as the M& #xFC; ndungen all humans in the world, actually is a popular breeding place f& #xFC; r bacteria. And why not? The meal is in H& #xFC; lle and F& #xFC; lle and the environment has exactly the correct humidity and temperature. At each time it will be always existing bacteria in your mouth. Many of them k& #xF6; nnen on the rear part of the tongue to be found, usually on the R& #xFC; usually ckseite the throat, in those food particle after the meal & #xFC; are brig. Some bacteria are also in the L& #xFC; cken between the Z& #xE4; hnen, where meal remainders put remained. Indeed, if around microscopically small particles food becomes, you to surely find the bacteria st& #xE4; ndig f& #xFC; ttern. Which is actually well, to clean because her to be gotten the mouth as also its meal pipe. It gives however some sch& #xE4; dliche bacteria, it really not as Kostg& #xE4; more nger in your mouth, like Streptococcus courage to, those want to Karies and mouth smell f& #xFC; hren k& #xF6; nnen. A further gef& #xE4; hrliche kind of bacteria hei& #xDF; t Vincent' s Stomatitis. This became for the first time w& #xE4; hrend the First World War discovers, if most soldiers, those in the war gek& #xE4; mpft very much anf& #xE4; llig f& #xFC; r this illness became. Today, millions of humans victim of the devastating effects this tiny microorganism. Young people are usually concerned, whereby most victims at the age of approx. 12-25. Vincent' s Stomatitis is the result, if the oral bacteria cause a Entz& #xFC; ndung the gums and other parts of the mouth. Untreatedly the infection can even out spread on the lips and around the skin around the mouth. F& #xFC; r this a serious illness, is the treatment tats& #xE4; chlich very simply. Normally everything that is necessary, is around a good mouth hygiene practice. H& #xE4; more ufiger oral illnesses, which comes from bacteria, is Gingivitis. This illness is characterized by swelling and bleeding of the gums, particularly, if it your Z& #xE4; hne deseam. Gingivitis is the result of the Anh& #xE4; ufung of bacteria into the R& #xE4; ume between the Z& #xE4; hnen and gums. In order to avoid this, m& #xFC; ssen only regelm& #xE4; & #xDF; industrial union of tooth oaths to food particle, those very attractively f& #xFC; to eliminate r bacteria. These are only some the diseases, those by the bacteria in the mouth to be caused k& #xF6; nnen. Beside these there are about hundred further m& #xF6; disasters would resemble, if them sch& #xE4; to permit dlichen bacteria in the mouth dwelling further. In order to prevent these diseases, everything that you do m& #xFC; ssen is, which seize necessary step, in order to eliminate bacteria. But which is with the good bacteria, which helps to the dismantling of food? No reason to the concern. Here are three simple M& #xF6; glichkeiten, in order to get rid, the bad bacteria and the good into the mouth. Deseam your Z& #xE4; hne at least twice t& #xE4; resembled, and t& #xE4; resembled tooth oaths. These two fundamental elements of the tooth hygiene cannot be stressed enough. They are your best protection against oral bacteria, m& #xF6; resemble-proves to Hohlr& #xE4; umen f& #xFC; hren, gum problems and mouth smell k& #xF6; nnen. If it your Z& #xE4; hne deseam, guarantee you that you spend at least one minute, if them with a traditional Zahnb& #xFC; rste. Everything that than that does not become less m& #xF6; resembled its, to get rid all meal remainders into the mouth. Clean your tongue, after them B& #xFC; rste. Take a mirror and hold out you your tongue. You see one wei& #xDF; EN or yellowish film on the R& #xFC; cken? That is a layer from microscopically small particles food teems bacteria in the Mundh& #xF6; hle. More than simply only widerlich, it is also gef& #xE4; hrlich. Gro& #xDF; e quantities of bacteria on the R& #xFC; ckseite an average person the tongue to be responsible can f& #xFC; r many oral illnesses such as Karies and mouth smell. Increase your Fl& #xFC; ssigkeitsbedarf. Saliva is a very effective instrument in wash sch& #xE4; dliche bacteria from the mouth removes. If you do not drink enough water, your mouth the saliva will production are reduced, which a good message f& #xFC; r the bacteria is. Drink at least 8 Gl& #xE4; ser waters per day gen& #xFC; gend saliva production too gew& #xE4; hrleisten, around the mouth freely of sch& #xE4; to hold dlichen bacteria. Read More

Ensure Your Oral Hygiene with the Help of Mouthwash

Sam — Sun, 02 May 2010 13:22:09 +0000

You might have encountered at least one person suffering from bad breath in your life! It might have been an utterly irritating experience for you! But believe me, bad breath is also quite embarrassing for the sufferer as well. People keep on running away from them, people avoid talking to them. all these surely prove to be pretty frustrating for these poor souls and soon they develop inferiority complex and start suffering from low self confidence.
Thus the whole problem acquires a serious dimension. But there is a simple solution to get rid of this shameful predicament and the solution lies in regular use of mouthwash. Let’s explain in details how mouthwash can help you to maintain your oral health and keep the problem of bad breath at bay.
Bad breath in 9 out of 10 cases is the result of bad oral health. Known as ‘halitosis’, in medical terms, bad breath in certain instances can be the indication of types of gum disease, like gingivitis or periodontitis. These gum diseases occur when the patient fails to adequately clean between their teeth. Then there are those plaques-the build up of certain sticky materials on your teeth-that contribute to the germs build up and lead to further oral diseases.
You can overcome all these problems including bad breath, plaques and oral cavities with the help of a whole new generation of innovative mouthwashes with proven effectiveness for flawless oral health and freshest breath. The question is how does the mouthwash perform this function?
- All the oral diseases like plaque, gingivitis, or bad breath are caused by different types of germs and bacteria. The antiseptic and anti-plaque formula of these mouthwashes is meant to kill these germs.
- The anti cavity fluoride-based properties of the mouthwash on the other hand help fight against tooth decay.
- In addition to fluoride, the mouthwashes also use such ingredients as thymol, eucalyptol, hexetidine, methyl salicylate, menthol, chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, methylparaben, hydrogen peroxide, enzymes and calcium to fight against bacteria.
- This chemical rinsing also helps in effectively dislodging the food debris from between your teeth.
- The oxygenating agents in them act against anaerobic bacteria of the mouth and help remove unhealthy tissues causing bad breath and other oral diseases.
- Many mouthwashes typically use alcohol as one of its essential ingredients to enhance the cleansing action and the antibacterial effect. However most of the newer brands don’t include alcohol in their ingredient list. Naturally, the alcohol free mouthwashes are milder in nature.
No matter what is you oral health complain-bad breath, plaques or cavities, a good quality mouthwash can solve them all and leaves your mouth with a clean, fresh taste to help you become the most confident communicator in the world. Read More

Myths About Oral Health

Sam — Thu, 29 Apr 2010 13:21:56 +0000

Oral health plays a vital role in the health and well-being of all people and, subsequently, the quality of life. Till recently it was felt that aging had to do with debilitating changes in oral functioning like loss of teeth, less salivary flow, mucosal atrophy and loss of taste. Recent research, however, withdraws many such misconceptions. Oral health myths and their debunking include:
Myth 1: Cavities are for children.
Reality: Wrong. If you have one or more of your natural teeth, you can still develop cavities. Cavities are more common as you grow older as your gums tend to pull away from the base of the teeth, leaving the roots exposed.
Myth 2: Those who have false teeth do not have to see a dentist anymore.
Reality: Wrong again, even if you have one or more false teeth or dentures, you must still clean them and visit your dentist on a regular basis.
Myth 3: Teeth are only for appearances sakes.
Reality: Wrong once more. Definitive studies have revealed the link between poor oral health and diseases like diabetes in people of all ages. In seniors, poor oral health is connected to respiratory diseases. Research has also revealed a possible link between oral health and heart disease.
Myth 4: Overall health does not depend on our oral health.
Reality: Not altogether true. If your gums are unhygienic, dental bacterial byproducts could get into your blood stream and this might result in heart diseases, strokes or under-weight child birth.
Myth 5: When brushing, bleeding is normal.
Reality: Not so. bleeding gums are just a sign of gum disease.
Myth 6: Brushing is done to remove food particles.
Reality: This is only partly right. By brushing and flossing daily it helps keep formation of plaque to the minimum, thus preventing oral diseases.
Myth 7: Bad breath is the result of lack of oral hygiene.
Reality: This again is only partly correct. There are some bacteria on the tongue and throat that produce volatile sulfur compounds. Excessive sulfur compounds result in the bad breath.
Myth 8: Pregnant women do not require dental checkups.
Reality: Unfortunately, no. Dental health has an impact on the health of baby to be born. Dental diseased during pregnancy could raise the chances of having a premature, under-weight baby.
Myth 9: Tooth loss is inevitable the older you grow.
Reality: Sadly it is not so. Around 15 years ago, over 50% Americans above 65 were totally toothless. By the year 1985, the figure had fallen to around 41% overall, ranging from 32% in ages 65-69 and 49% in the over 80 age group.
Herbal Natural Therapies for Oral Hygiene
A number of herbs have antibacterial properties that aid in oral hygiene routine. They also make the breath smell a little sweeter. For instance, as therapies for oral hygiene, essential oils of peppermint, spearmint, and almond can all be rubbed around the base of the gums.
As a therapy for oral hygiene tea tree oil has a lot more bacterial-fighting agents than the above mentioned essential oils. Add a few drops of tea tree oil to your toothbrush during brushing and it will leave your gums feeling clean and invigorated.
For centuries, another of the best natural therapies for oral hygiene is green tea. For long have the Chinese used green tea as an oral rinse for regular mouth care, since it contains powerful antioxidants that besides other things help boost the immune system.
Home Remedies for toothaches
The good old clove is one of the best known home remedies for toothache relief. Clove helps abate the pain with its antiseptic properties. In fact, clove oil, applied on the painful tooth, helps ease toothaches pain fairly quickly. Alternatively, try grinding a clove and applying the powder on the affected area.
Wheat grass juice is widely available nowadays as a fantastic home remedy to help prevent toothaches. Sometimes it can even cure. You may chew on wheat grass for pain relief; it will prevent bacteria from procreating and even draw bacteria out of the painful area.
A piece of raw onion chewed for 3 minutes helps ease toothache pain, or kill oral bacteria. This not only helps relieve the pain, it also helps cure toothaches. If you cannot chew, a small piece of raw onion applied directly to the infected spot will ease the pain almost immediately.
A lukewarm saltwater mouthwash also mildly disinfects the mouth and helps rinse the teeth and gums, thus providing gentle toothache pain relief. This is, perhaps, the easiest toothache home pain remedy, as everyone has some salt in their kitchens.
Finally, for successful toothache relief, a clove of garlic possibly mashed up with some salt and placed on the tooth helps relieve the pain. It even acts as an anesthetic, sometimes even curing mild toothaches. This home remedy could be one of the more successful ones of regularly applied. Read More

What is of Oral Diseases and Conditions?

Sam — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 13:22:40 +0000

Oral hygiene is important for the health of the whole body. In general, people with healthy gums and teeth, better overall health. Oral health can also relate to health issues in other parts of the body. There are many different diseases and conditions that can affect the mouth, and there are many treatments for oral health. Since the mouth is the gateway to the rest of the body, it is important to keep healthy. Sometimes this can be difficult because there are so many diseases and infections that can enter the mouth, are. But stop with the proper dental care can be almost any type of problem that could face the mouth. One of the diseases that can affect the mouth, gum disease or gingivitis. This is a disease that is caused by the deterioration of the gums. The symptoms of gum disease, usually with bleeding and swollen gums, and the thin black gums, sensitive teeth, receding gums and sometimes a deterioration of the jaw and loose teeth. Gingivitis is easily treated in the early stages, but it is much harder to treat if they had the opportunity to grow without. There are also many other conditions that can affect the mouth. Some of them are the cancer of the mouth, hand, foot and mouth disease, bad breath, caries, herpes, and many forms of oral infections. To avoid these diseases and conditions, see a dentist regularly. He or she can tell you what to do the best to maintain oral health. If you are any of these diseases of the mouth, the dentist will also be a great help. I am looking for gum disease or other problems to avoid in the mouth does not have to be hard. Just make sure that you use regularly brushing and flossing and mouth rinses. If you think you may have gum disease, and then these symptoms: swollen check or bleeding gums, sensitive teeth, tooth loss and receding gums. Visit your dentist so he or she can prescribe medication and treatments. This may help to further deterioration of the mouth. So these are some of the diseases and conditions that can beat the mouth. If you actively try to prevent these diseases, then you have a much healthier mouth. This means ensuring, first, brush and floss regularly and visit your dentist regularly. This will ensure that you do not have health problems in the mouth, and when it does, then you will be treated in a position immediately. Healthy teeth and gums are important for your overall health. Read More

Diagnostic Approaches Of Oral Diseases And Screening For Oral Cancer

Sam — Fri, 23 Apr 2010 13:21:51 +0000

Systematic Approach To Assessment Of Oral Mucosal Lesion 1) History Of Current Illness – onset, location, intensity, frequency, duration aggravating &or relieving variables better, unchanged or worse over time 2) Medical, Tobacco &or Alcohol history – medical conditions medications & allergies tobacco & alcohol ( type, frequency, duration ) 3) Clinical examination extra oral intra oral lesion inspection 4) Differential Diagnosis 5) Diagnostic Tests 6) Definitive Diagnosis 7) Suggested Management Diagnostics Aids Haemogram, biochemical analysis, bacteriological examination, Immunostaining, Molecular Biology Tests, Imaging X-rays CAT Scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Functional & Metabolic Imaging— a) Positron Emission Tomography b) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Ultrasonography , less commonly used for oral lesions Biopsy , Exfoliative Cytology Screening Devices Photography, Referrals. HAEMATOLOGY Essential for diagnosis of Blood Dyscrasias like anaemias, Leukaemia, Multiple Myeloma, Leukopenia, Haemophilia, Purpura etc. Useful in diagnosis of other conditions like infections, sore tongue, recurrent apthae which are associated with anaemia. Completely filled request form with sufficient clinical details is essential for pathologist to check whether appropriate tests are ordered. MICROBIOLOGY It is unfortunate that this aspect of investigation is not explored as it should have been utilized. Pus, plaque, aspirate or scrapping should be send for Direct Gram Staining of Gram +ve , Gram –ve bacilli & cocci, Actinomycetes associated ray-fungus, ZN staining for Mycobacteria Or for PAS staining for Candida PAP smears for Virally infected cells. Especially important in acute ulcerative gingivitis, candidiasis, herpetic lesions, measles, or for diagnosis of various vesiculo-bullous lesions. Viral culture is rarely required. Rapid diagnosis can also be achieved by ELISA. IMMUNOSTAINING Has revolutionized histological diagnosis & made complex techniques of electron microscope redundant. Principle- There is highly specific binding between Antibody & Antigen to stain specific molecules within the tissues. Two basic methods are used either Direct or Indirect , & the final product is either labeled with a Fluoroscein dye or an enzyme such as peroxidase. Important in diagnosis Pemphigus, Pemphigoid, Multiple Myeloma, or other undifferentiated malgnancies, identification of Viral infections like HPV, EBV, HSV MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TESTS Useful particularly in screening for & identification of Genetic abnormalities like Down’s syndrome. Rapid diagnosis of bacteria ( Mycobacteria), Viruses HPV, HIV Diagnosis of malignancies having genetic abnormalities like chromosomal translocation in Leukaemia. Diagnosis of some forms of Lymphoma which cannot be categorized by routine biological methods. Tests are like PCR, In-Situ-Hybridization. PCR is especially important for Mycobacterial infections since these method is rapid, more sensitive, can differentiate different types of MB with high degree of precision. PCR is ideal to investigate enlarged lymph nodes in neck & recently is being used to detect micrometastases of tumors. PHOTOGRAPHY Photography or computerized video imaging is an valuable adjunct to clinical record. It is 1) useful to monitor lesions which vary in the course of long follow-up like leukoplakia. 2) useful to explain to patients about their condition 3) To show patients the effect of treatment. OTHER CLINICAL TESTS like urine analysis in diabetes is essential in case of repeated candidal or periodontal infections Autoimmune conditions require rigorous tests to detect systemic involvement Bence Jones Protein in Multiple Myeloma Paul Bunnel Test in Infectious Mononucleosis TEMPERATURE Temperature recording of patient is very essential to differentiate facial inflammatory edema from cellulitis. It indicates systemic effects of infections & the need for aggressive therapy. REFERRALS to concerned medical faculty is very essential for further investigations especially when oral cause is eliminated, & also to exclude any severe systemic illness & refer the patient back to dentist IMAGING Imaging is useful for diagnosis of all tumors that are not accessible to clinical evaluation or endoscopy. Sites in which imaging plays a key role for diagnosis are brain, lung, breast, mediastinum, abdominal organs, bones, etc. The choice of imaging system to be selected , for a given pt. depends upon its physical capabilities. Imaging techniques allow differentiation of benign from malignant lesions, & assist in accurate staging of disease Conventional XG provides the highest spatial resolution & is suited best for barium studies of GIT, breast & bone diseases. CAT SCAN CT scan has higher density discrimination than conventional XG, & is best suited for distinguishing differences between soft tissues, fluid, fat & other structures. Recent innovation include Spiral (helical) CT, Multiphase Imaging, Multi detector scanning. Spiral CT is currently preferred for detecting Pulmonary & liver lesions prior to surgery & for surgical planning of Pancreatic & renal cancer treatment Magnetic Resonance Imaging Benefits- superb soft tissue contrast, multiplanar & 3D acquisition, freedom from ionizing radiation & bony artifacts, ability to acquire biological & physiological information. MRI is choice for evaluating tumors of brain, H\N, spine, breast, liver & adrenal glands. Positron Emission Tomography PET creates images that represent metabolic activity of underlying tissue processes like glucose, oxygen, amino acid metabolism. Commonly used radiotracer for tumor imaging is glucose analogue 2[F-18] fluoro 2deoxyDglucose (18-FDG) FDG enters cells & is phosphorylated to FDG-6- phosphate, which becomes trapped within malignant cells with high glucose metabolism. PET is the most accurate non- invasive technique for detecting & staging Lung CA, detecting intrahepatic metastases, identifying metastatic deposits in nodes less than 1 cm dia. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MRS is powerful , non-invasive method for studying tumor biochemistry & physiology. It measures signals from chemical compounds within tissues. 31 P MRS provides information on tissue energetics & pH while I H MRS provides information on cell membrane synthesis & degradation, reflecting cellular proliferation & necrosis. MRS can provide diagnostic information on tumor grade & are also used to monitor tumor response to therapy. ULTRASOUND Ultrasound has major advantage that ionizing radiation is not used, & is often used for evaluating thyroid, parotid, testicles, liver, kidneys, & pelvic organs. It has limited scope in Oral cancer diagnosis BIOPSY It is the procedure of removal of living tissue for the purpose of microscopic examination Methods for obtaining the material— 1) surgical scalpel biopsy 2) surgical removal by Cautery or High Frequency Cutting Knife 3) punch biopsy 4) FNAC 5) FNAB 6) Exfoliative Cytology Point’s to be considered before biopsy 1) Why is biopsy been taken ? e. g to confirm a mucosal disease such as Lichen Planus, cyst etc. Or to rule out malignancy- then take it from the edge of the lesion 2) Is the biopsy incisional or excisional ? For excisional biopsies a margin of surrounding normal tissue will be required. Provisional clinical diagnosis is especially important in guiding the technique to be used & tissue handling For lesion such as Mucocele, Lichen Planus, Fibroepithelial Polyp, Pyogenic Granuloma, Leukoplakia, epulis incisional biopsy can be performed on OPD basis But for suspected lesions of Malignancies, salivary Gland tumors, Pemphigus, Granulomatous Diseases Referrals to Hospitals is essential. Periapical surgical material should always be sent for histopathological examination. It is mostly inflammatory ,rarely it can be odontogenic or non- odontogenic cyst, odontogenic tumor. Even rarely it can be bone lesion like giant cell granuloma, multiple myeloma, langerhans cell histiocyosis, or even more rarely malignant metastatic deposits or SCC Occasionally dental hard tissues are sent to rule out abnormality of dentine or enamel Vascular small lesion is excised , no incision biopsy Large Vascular lesions are ablated with Laser or Cryosurgery (no tissue remains for histologic exam. ) Sjogren’s syndrome – confirmation incisional biopsy from lower lip to include at least 5 minor SAL. Glands Limitations of Biopsy 1) invasive procedure, has surgical implications 2) technique is limited to professionals 3) psychological implications to patient’s 4) for large lesions , site selection is difficult 5) has limited sensitivity because of subjective interpretation of examining pathologist Adjuncts to Biopsy All the limitations of biopsy & the need for early diagnosis of oral cancer have underlined the importance of discovering & developing new diagnostic methods & improving existing ones Detecting presence of innocuous lesions & Selecting the site for biopsy can be done by adjuncts like— Supravital staining with Toluidine Blue or By use of Exfoliative Cytology Supra-vital Staining Toluidine Blue is a vital tissue dye which exhibits differential uptake into tissues, resulting in metabolically active areas of lesions being stained a deep blue. T-Blue is effective in differentially staining the nucleus in precancerous & cancerous lesions Helps to delineate the margin of the lesion Positive correlation between degree of dye uptake & presence of chromosomal abnormalities Adjunctive use of T- Blue helps- Identify abnormal lesions Facilitates biopsy site selection Eventual definitive diagnosis Exfoliative Cytology When epithelium becomes seat of pathology, cells loose their cohesiveness & deeper cells shed along with superficial cells . These exfoliated cells are collected & studied Quantitatively or Qualitatively. Collection of cells is done by different physical systems like— -Scraping the mucosal surface -by rinsing the oral cavity -taking saliva samples from pt’s -by using Brush Biopsy Exfoliative Cytology was introduced by George N Papanicolau in 1941 It is a Quick, simple, painless, bloodless procedure Helps check against false negative biopsies Valuable for screening of lesions whose clinical appearance does not warrant a biopsy Apart from Cancers, can be applied to other disease like Candidiasis, EBV related Hairy Leukoplakia, HSV infection, HZ, Pemphigus, Benign Familial Pemphigus, Keratosis Follicularis, HBID, White Sponge Nevus, Pernicious anaemia, Sickle Cell Anaemia Application in Forensic Odontology Oral Brush Biopsy CDX (scan lab) Simple Highly sensitive Risk free for screening for cancer Aids in clinical examination Full trans-epithelial cellular sample is obtained Smears are evaluated with image analysis adapted specifically to detect oral epithelial abnormalities including cancer Can be applied to Precancerous & cancerous lesions & other diseases as well Disadvantages of brush biopsy False negative results, no diagnosis, so difficult to determine appropriate treatment or anticipate whether an additional procedure is necessary. Adds time & cost to the diagnosis of oral lesions without added benefit to the patient Positive results have to be confirmed by routine biopsy The need for 2 procedures delays the diagnosis & this delay may be potentially hazardous Applications of Cytology technique Apart from screening of lesions, Cytology techniques can also be used for other valuable purposes like evaluating Response to Radiation therapy, Molecular analysis, Immunohistochemistry Response to Radiation therapy useful to study radiation response of oral tumour, and the changes are like– cellular enlargement, cytoplasmic granulation, multinucleation, micronucleation Micronucleation is accepted as reliable indicator to monitor the effectiveness of therapy Apoptosis – % of apoptotic cells is useful to monitor pt’s reaction to chemotherapy DNA Ploidy analysis to predict the aggressiveness & prognosis of cancers. Molecular Analysis\Gene Alterations— Most of the oral cavity carcinogens like chemicals (tobacco), physical (radiation), infections (HPV, candida) are mutagenic agents They can cause changes in gene & chromosome structure by point mutations , deletions, insertions & rearrangements. Some of these changes are spontaneous. These genetic alterations occuring during carcinogenesis can be used as targets for detecting tumor cells in clinical samples. Point Mutations in Tumor Suppressor Gene – P 53 is frequently used genetic alteration in Clinical & Oral Cytology as specific marker in Oral SCC. Aberrations in the 3p, 9p, & 17p chromosomal sites is implicated as high- risk predictor Immunohistochemistry Cytokeratin Expression Profile in smears from oral cavity are used to provide information on cell differentiation status Certain Cytokeratins like K8, k 19 are useful if not definitive indicator of malignancy Summary Of Oral Cytology Cytologic studies are easy, simple, rapid, non-aggressive & relatively painless. It is accepted well by the pt’s & are suitable for routine application in – Screening Programmes Early detection of suspect lesions Pre & Post Operative monitoring of confirmed malignant lesions Screening For Oral Cancer Unaided visual examination Palpation Radiographs Supplemental screening techniques- 1) use of special wavelength lights 2) Chemiluminescence 3) Use of dyes for selective staining 4)Laser induced Fluorescence Emission after exposure to photosensitizer 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Screening devices available at present Microlux \DL (Ad Dent) Velscpoe (LED) (Dental INC) Vizilite & Vizilite Plus (Zila Pharmaceuticals) Microlux /DL It is a hand held device, that uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) as illumination source. Prior to exposing the mucosa to the light, the pt. rinses with 1% acetic acid for 30-60 seconds. Upon illumination, the abnormal tissue will appear white (aceto-white VELSCOPE VEL-Scope is hand held device that emits a blue light to fluoresce the mucosa. No pre-rinse is required . The amount of fluorescence depends on the health of mucosa. When exposed to blue light , normal mucosa emits a pale green autofluorescence, while abnormal tissue appears dark green to black. Inflammed mucosa results in loss of fluorescence (false +ve) VELScope is used to- —delineate the extent of visible lesion —identify lesions that are difficult to appreciate by unaided visual examination. Vizilite & Vizilite Plus Vizilite & Vizilite Plus is a hand held device that emits Chemiluminescent light. The pt. rinses with 1% acetic acid for 30-60 sec. The device then illuminates the oral cavity. Abnormal areas appear white ( aceto-white) The light increases both the sharpness & brightness of lesions. CONCLUSION Although Biopsy still remains the gold standard for diagnosis, recent advances -in the field of molecular biology -advent of new screening devices -newer diagnostic technologies has widened the horizon of diagnostic approaches . It won’t be too long before these technologies reach down to the level of use from research to well being of the patient’s Read More

Preventing The Beginning Or Progression Of Oral Disease

Sam — Tue, 20 Apr 2010 13:21:27 +0000

Everyone has gone through their life being told how important it is to take good care of your teeth, and how an optimum level of oral hygiene can lead to a better life. Now all this is true but as young children or adolescents most of them just disregard the advice that they have been given and take poor care of their teeth anyway. Read More

Color Atlas Of Common Oral Diseases

Sam — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 13:21:10 +0000